COMMUNITY-DRIVEN HEALTH STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTING DISEASE OUTBREAKS AFTER THE 2004 ACEH TSUNAMI
Keywords:
Community resilience, disease prevention, public health, disaster response, Aceh tsunami, healthcare access
Abstract
The 2004 Aceh tsunami was one of the deadliest natural disasters in modern history, creating extreme environmental conditions that were predicted to trigger major disease outbreaks. However, despite concerns from the World Health Organization (WHO) about waterborne and infectious diseases, no widespread epidemic occurred. This study explores the community-driven health strategies that contributed to disease prevention in the aftermath of the disaster. Using a qualitative exploratory approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with community members and local leaders across three sub-districts in Banda Aceh, each representing different levels of tsunami impact. Findings reveal that traditional knowledge, religious practices, and collective community actions played a crucial role in maintaining health and sanitation under crisis conditions. Behavioral adaptations included prioritizing clean water sources, boiling drinking water, filtering water through cloth, maintaining food hygiene, ensuring adequate nutrition, and emphasizing personal hygiene and sanitation. The study also highlights barriers to healthcare access, including infrastructure damage, medical staff shortages, and psychological distress, which affected post-disaster health-seeking behaviors. Despite these challenges, community resilience and social cohesion were instrumental in mitigating public health risks. The findings suggest that integrating local knowledge, religious teachings, and structured public health interventions can enhance disaster preparedness and disease prevention strategies in future crises. These insights provide valuable lessons for policymakers, humanitarian agencies, and public health professionals in designing culturally adaptive and community-based health resilience programs for post-disaster environments.
References
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Azis*, A., Nurasiah, N., Zulfan, Z., Kusnafizal, T., Fahmi, R., & Abdar, Y. (2023). Analysis of Aceh’s Economic Recovery After the Tsunami Disaster and Prolonged Conflict Year, 2005. Riwayat: Educational Journal of History and Humanities, 6(1), 249–261. https://doi.org/10.24815/jr.v6i1.31455
Bellindo-Garcia, R., Cruzata-Martinez, A., Ponce Marin, M., & Rejas Borjas, L. (2022). Implicit Theories on Learning Assessment and the Use of Triangulation as a Means of Qualitative Validity and Reliability. The Qualitative Report. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2022.4231
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Casula, M., Rangarajan, N., & Shields, P. (2021). The potential of working hypotheses for deductive exploratory research. Quality & Quantity, 55(5), 1703–1725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-020-01072-9
Chan, E. Y. Y., Tong, K. H. Y., Dubois, C., Mc Donnell, K., Kim, J. H., Hung, K. K. C., & Kwok, K. O. (2021). Narrative Review of Primary Preventive Interventions against Water-Borne Diseases: Scientific Evidence of Health-EDRM in Contexts with Inadequate Safe Drinking Water. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), 12268. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312268
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Dery, F., Bisung, E., Dickin, S., & Dyer, M. (2020). Understanding empowerment in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH): a scoping review. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 10(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.077
Dube, A., Moffatt, M., Davison, C., & Bartels, S. (2018). Health Outcomes for Children in Haiti Since the 2010 Earthquake: A Systematic Review. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 33(1), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X17007105
Dwipayanti, N. M. U., Lubis, D. S., & Harjana, N. P. A. (2021). Public Perception and Hand Hygiene Behavior During COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.621800
Hall, S., Sloan-Aagard, C., Harris, R., Emmett, C., Prasetyadi, C., Pettersson, J., Cope, A., & Hamson Cox, M. (2022). Perceptions of tsunami susceptibility and self-efficacy among adolescents in Indonesia: The influence of gender, religion, location, age, hazard information source, and past experience. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 79, 103151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103151
Hirono, M. (2024). Diasporas as a linchpin in local and international humanitarian action: a case study of the Chinese in Aceh following the 2004 tsunami. Disasters, 48(S1). https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12633
Istiarsyah, I., Kamarullah, K., Setiawan, R., & Dawi, A. H. (2023). Improving Disaster Preparedness Services for People with Disabilities. Journal of ICSAR, 7(2), 248. https://doi.org/10.17977/um005v7i22023p248
Jain, N. (2021). Survey Versus Interviews: Comparing Data Collection Tools for Exploratory Research. The Qualitative Report. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2021.4492
Jedwab, R., Khan, A. M., Russ, J., & Zaveri, E. D. (2021). Epidemics, pandemics, and social conflict: Lessons from the past and possible scenarios for COVID-19. World Development, 147, 105629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105629
Kabir, I., Rana, S., Alam, B., Chowdhury, A. R., Lusha, M. A. F., Khanam, S. J., Hossain, D. M., Islam, S., & Khan, N. (2024). Disease Burden in the Context of Disasters: Insights from Over 6.7 million Respondents in the Bangladesh Disaster-Related Statistics of 2021. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 18, e283. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2024.288
Kakalou, E., & Tsiamis, C. (2021). Infectious Diseases Outbreaks Following Natural Disasters: Risk Assessment, Prevention, and Control (pp. 525–535). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34116-9_40
Krishnan, S. (2019). Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and disaster recovery for community resilience: A mixed methods study from Odisha, India. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 35, 101061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.12.023
Lal, A., Fearnley, E., & Wilford, E. (2019). Local weather, flooding history and childhood diarrhoea caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium spp.: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Science of The Total Environment, 674, 300–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.365
Madon, S., Malecela, M. N., Mashoto, K., Donohue, R., Mubyazi, G., & Michael, E. (2018). The role of community participation for sustainable integrated neglected tropical diseases and water, sanitation and hygiene intervention programs: A pilot project in Tanzania. Social Science & Medicine, 202, 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.02.016
Makri, C., & Neely, A. (2021). Grounded Theory: A Guide for Exploratory Studies in Management Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069211013654
Mavrouli, M., Mavroulis, S., Lekkas, E., & Tsakris, A. (2023). The Impact of Earthquakes on Public Health: A Narrative Review of Infectious Diseases in the Post-Disaster Period Aiming to Disaster Risk Reduction. Microorganisms, 11(2), 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020419
Nelson, S., Drabarek, D., Jenkins, A., Negin, J., & Abimbola, S. (2021). How community participation in water and sanitation interventions impacts human health, WASH infrastructure and service longevity in low-income and middle-income countries: A realist review. BMJ Open, 11(12), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053320
Onishchenko, N., Perelygina, L., Nazarov, O., Karikov, S., Riabinina, O., & Gontarenko, L. (2024). Psychosocial assistance within the framework of the social rehabilitation process: Cadernos de Educação Tecnologia e Sociedade, 16(se2), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.14571/brajets.v16.nse2.155-164
Pascapurnama, D. N., Murakami, A., Chagan-Yasutan, H., Hattori, T., Sasaki, H., & Egawa, S. (2018). Integrated health education in disaster risk reduction: Lesson learned from disease outbreak following natural disasters in Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 29, 94–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.07.013
Patra, U. K., & Mukherjee, S. (2019). A study on water-borne diseasesof purulia municipality, purulia, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 9(7), 432–451.
Rosenfeld, J., Berggren, R., & Frerichs, L. (2021). A Review of the Community Health Club Literature Describing Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Outcomes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1880. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041880
Saatchi, M., Khankeh, H. R., Shojafard, J., Barzanji, A., Ranjbar, M., Nazari, N., Mahmodi, M. A., Ahmadi, S., & Farrokhi, M. (2024). Communicable diseases outbreaks after natural disasters: A systematic scoping review for incidence, risk factors and recommendations. Progress in Disaster Science, 23, 100334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100334
Salubi, E. A., Gizaw, Z., Schuster-Wallace, C. J., & Pietroniro, A. (2025). Climate change and waterborne diseases in temperate regions: a systematic review. Journal of Water and Health, 23(1), 58–78. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.314
Striepe, M. (2021). Combining concept mapping with semi-structured interviews: adding another dimension to the research process. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 44(5), 519–532. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2020.1841746
Subarno, A., Koesuma, S., & Sukatiman, S. (2025). Integrating environmental health into disaster-resilient villages: strategies, challenges, and solutions in Surakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Health, 71(5), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v17i1.2025.60-68
Suk, J. E., Vaughan, E. C., Cook, R. G., & Semenza, J. C. (2020). Natural disasters and infectious disease in Europe: a literature review to identify cascading risk pathways. European Journal of Public Health, 30(5), 928–935. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz111
Topcu Akduman, A., & Figen Türkçapar, A. (2024). Contraception during Disaster and Pandemic Periods: Challenges and Strategies. In Women’s Health Around the Globe [Working Title]. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1007932
Tseole, N. P., Mindu, T., Kalinda, C., & Chimbari, M. J. (2022). Barriers and facilitators to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WaSH) practices in Southern Africa: A scoping review. PLOS ONE, 17(8), e0271726. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271726
Valcourt, N., Javernick-Will, A., Walters, J., & Linden, K. (2020). System Approaches to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030702
Veenema, T. G., Thornton, C. P., Lavin, R. P., Bender, A. K., Seal, S., & Corley, A. (2017). Climate Change–Related Water Disasters’ Impact on Population Health. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 49(6), 625–634. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12328
Venkataramanan, V., Crocker, J., Karon, A., & Bartram, J. (2018). Community-Led Total Sanitation: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review of Evidence and Its Quality. Environmental Health Perspectives, 126(2). https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1965
Wang, H., Lindell, M. K., Siam, M. R. K., Chen, C., & Husein, R. (2022). Local residents’ immediate responses to the 2018 Indonesia earthquake and tsunami. Earthquake Spectra, 38(4), 2835–2865. https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930221105104
Wartiningsih, M., Silitonga, H. T. H., Ritunga, I., Prayogo, M. C., & Wijaya, E. D. (2022). Patient Satisfaction Improvement by Comprehensive Holistic Services at Public Health Centre X Surabaya. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 18(2), 164–173. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v18i2.31555
Published
2025-02-08
How to Cite
Hendra Cipta, Muslim, Rahmad Julianto, Rosnidawati, Teuku Maulana, Ambia Nurdin, Harri Santoso, & Aisy Al-Khansa. (2025). COMMUNITY-DRIVEN HEALTH STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTING DISEASE OUTBREAKS AFTER THE 2004 ACEH TSUNAMI. Jurnal Penelitian Progresif, 4(1), 16-31. https://doi.org/10.61992/jpp.v4i1.204
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Articles
