Risk Identification of Online Learning
Abstract
Riyan Maulana 1*, Emil Biyansyahna 2, Siti Afriani (3)
1 Alwashliyah University Banda Aceh
2 Syiah Kuala University
3 STIK Pante Kulu Banda Aceh
*Corresponding author: riyanmaulana@unadabna.ac.id
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the education sector to shift to online learning due to social distancing, utilizing information and communication technology for teaching and learning. However, this transition presents risks such as inequality of technology access, decreased student engagement, and psychosocial impacts. This study aims to identify the risks of online learning through systematic literature review (SLR) to support effective risk management and inform education policy in the digital era. The research used the SLR method, with searches on scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Inclusion criteria included English and Indonesian journals (2017-2022), using the keywords "online learning risk" and "online education risk management". The selection process followed the PRISMA protocol, resulting in 34 relevant journals after rigorous screening. The analysis showed that one journal addressed online education policy, highlighting the risks of regulatory unpreparedness and internet access in remote areas. Sixteen journals focused on higher education, identifying risks such as low student motivation, digital plagiarism and lack of lecturer technology training. Seventeen journals addressed primary and secondary schools, emphasizing the risks of unequal access to devices, mental health disorders, and decreased social interaction. Key risks include technical, pedagogical and psychosocial aspects. Integrated risk management, such as improved digital infrastructure, technology training and mental health support, is needed for mitigation. This research recommends further empirical studies in the Indonesian context to support sustainable online learning. The findings enrich the educational literature with a comprehensive risk management framework.
References
Azizah, N. (2017). Information System Audit Using the Cobit 4.1 Framework on E- Learning UnisuJepara. Symmetrical Journal, 8(1), 377-382.
Binali, T., Tsai, C. C., & Chang, H. Y. (2021). University Students' Profiles Of Online Learning And Their Relation To Online Metacognitive Regulation And Internet-Specific Epistemic Justification. Computers And Education, 175 (July), 104315. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Compedu.2021.104315
Cooper, H. M. (1988). Organizing Knowledge Syntheses: A Taxonomy Of Literature Reviews. Knowledge In Society, 1(1), 104-126.
Coussement, K., Phan, M., De Caigny, A., Benoit, D. F., & Raes, A. (2020). Predicting Student Dropout in Subscription-Based Online Learning Environments: The Beneficial Impact of TheLogit Leaf Model. Decision Support Systems, 135, 113325.
Ecleas, J., & Manuputty, A. D. (2021). Risk Management Analysis of Pega Software Information Technology Using Iso 31000. Jatisi (Journal of Informatics Engineering and Information Systems), 8(1), 209-224.
Hidayatullah, F., & Anwar, K. (2020). Hybrid Learning in Physical Education Learning for Elementary and Secondary Schools and Higher Education Sports Education. Proceedings of Senopati (Sports Seminar in Technology Education and Innovation), 1(1), 10-16.
Idah, Y. M., & Prima, R. A. (2021). Risk Management Analysis of Online Learning in Higher Education Facing the Covid 19 Pandemic. Journal of Information Engineering, 10(1), 50-56.
Irwanto, I., & Arifin, Z. (2020). Risk Manager: The Role of the Head of Mts N 1 Yogyakarta City in Online Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Tadbir: Journal of Education Management Studies, 4(2), 189-200.
Kanantyo, P., & Papilaya, F. S. (2021). Information Technology Risk Analysis Using Iso 31000 (Learning Management System Smpn 6 Salatiga). Jatisi (Journal of Informatics Engineering and Information Systems), 8(4), 1896-1908.
Laar, R. A., Ashraf, M. A., Ning, J., Ji, P., Fang, P., Yu, T., & Khan, M. N. (2021).
Performance, Health, And Psychological Challenges Faced by Students Of Physical Education In Online Learning During Covid-19 Epidemic: A Qualitative Study In China. Healthcare, 9(8), 1030.
Lismandasari, L., & Farhan, F. S. (2022). Risk of Learning Loss for Pskd Fkk Umj Students in Online Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Mandala Education Scientific Journal, 8(2).
Maqableh, M., & Alia, M. (2021). Evaluation of Online Learning of Undergraduate Students Under Lockdown Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic: The Online Learning Experience and Students' Satisfaction. Children And Youth Services Review, 128, 106160.
Melani, Y. I., & Mahmud, M. (2020). Risk Assessment on Monitoring System for Teaching and Learning Activities in Private Universities. Jurteksi (Journal of Information Technology and Systems), 7(1), 23-32.
Mukhlasin, A. (2021). Effective Learning Management during the Pandemic (Analysis of Risk Management, Types and Forms of Risk at Mas Ypi Batang Kuis). Proceedings of Dharmawangsa University, 1(1), 47-55.
Na, K. S., & Tasir, Z. (2017). Identifying At-Risk Students In Online Learning by Analyzing LearningBehaviour: A Systematic Review. 2017 Ieee Conference on Big Data and Analytics (Icbda), 118-123.
Nainggolan, B. O., & Gunawan, I. (2022). Risk Management Analysis of Online Learning Implementation (Case Study: Sd Negeri 12 Cawang). Reference: Journal of Management Science and Accounting, 9(2), 102-112.
Nambiar, D. (2020). The Impact of Online Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic: Students' Perspective. International Journal for Research In Applied Science And Engineering Technology, 8(11), 686-690. Https://Doi.Org/10.22214/Ijraset.2020.32277
Nurlaela, R., & Suhendi, S. (2021). Evaluation of Ti Governance Risk Management Based on the Coso Erm Intergrated Framework at Xyz College. Journal of Integrated Informatics, 7(1), 15-20.
Okoli, C., & Schabram, K. (2010). A Guide to Conducting A Systematic Literature Review of Information Systems Research.
Oktasari, Z. (2019). Optimizing Management Information Systems in Online-Based New Educator Admissions.
Pakpahan, R., & Fitriani, Y. (2020). Analysis of the Use of Information Technology in Remote Learning in the Midst of the Covid-19 Corona Virus Pandemic. Jisamar (Journal of Information System, Applied, Management, Accounting And Researh), 4(2), 30-36.
Pangondian, R. A., Santosa, P. I., & Nugroho, E. (2019). Factors Affecting Online Learning Success in the Industrial Revolution 4.0. National Seminar on Computer Technology & Science (Sainteks), 1(1).
Perajaka, M. A., & Ngamal, Y. (2021). The Importance of Risk Management in Education (Schools) During and After Covid-19. Journal of Risk Management, 2(Iii), 35-50.
Putra, R. R., Setiawan, E., & Ambarwati, A. (2019). Risk Management Analysis of E-Learning Data Security and It Assets Using Nist Sp 800-30 Revision 1. Jatisi (Journal of Informatics Engineering and Information Systems), 6(1), 96-105.
Ramadhintia, R., & Bisma, R. (2021). Risk Mitigation Planning Using the OctaveAllegro Method at Sma Semen Gresik. Journal of Emerging Information System and Business Intelligence (Jeisbi), 2(2), 17-23.
Rismayadi, D. A., Rusdi, J. F., Prinayanti, A., Akbar, P. D., & Andriani, R. D. (2019). Online Academic, Financial and Exam Information System Based on Website and Android (Case StudySmk Negeri 2 Cimahi). Sensitive: National Seminar on Information Systems and Information Technology, 1379-1390.
Safar, A. (2019). Detection of Risk Assessment in E-Learning Smk Bina Prestasi Ami Balikpapan with Octave Allegro Method. J-Sim: Journal of Information Systems, 2(2), 69-77.
Seta, H. B., Theresiawati, & Rahayu, T. (2017). Risk Management of Online-Based Learning Applications at Universities Using the Okta Ve Allegro Method.
National Seminar on Information Technology and Multimedia 2016, 4, 7-12. Simanjuntak, R., Priyarsono, D. S., & Sumarti, T. (2021). Analysis of the Maturity Level of Risk Management Implementation at Ipb University. Journal of Management and Organization, 12(3), 177-188.
Sinaga, J., Sagala, R. W., Ferinia, R., & Hutagalung, S. (2021). The Fundamental Role of Shepherds for Teachers during Pandemic in Character-Based Online Learning: Challenges and Support Systems. Journal of Christian Religious Education (Jupak), 2(1), 13-35.
Spitzer, M. W. H., Gutsfeld, R., Wirzberger, M., & Moeller, K. (2021). Evaluating Students' Engagement with an Online Learning Environment During and After Covid-19 Related SchoolClosures: A Survival Analysis Approach. Trends In Neuroscience and Education, 25, 100168.
Suryatni, L. (2021). Educational Technology as the Implementation of Information Systems in Online Lectures during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Jsi (Journal of Information Systems) Suryadarma University, 8(1),31-46.
Tanuwijaya, N. S., & Tambunan, W. (2021). Alternative Learning Model Solutions to Overcome the Risk of Decreased Learning Outcomes in Limited Face-to-Face Learning during the Covid 19 Pandemic. Journal of Education Management, 10(2), 80-90.
Yauma, A., Fitri, I., & Ningsih, S. (2021). Learning Management System (Lms) on E-Learning Using Website-Based Agile and Waterfall Methods. Jurnal Jtik (Journal of Information and Communication Technology), 5(3), 323-328.
Yu-Fong Chang, J., Wang, L. H., Lin, T. C., Cheng, F. C., & Chiang, C. P. (2021).
Comparison of Learning Effectiveness Between Physical Classroom and Online Learning for Dental Education During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Dental Sciences, 16(4), 1281-1289. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jds.2021.07.016
Zagoto, S. P., & Sitokdana, M. N. N. (2021). Information Technology Risk Analysis at Xyz Organization Salatiga Branch Using Iso 31000. Mnemonic: Journal of Informatics Engineering, 4(1), 1-9
